In Bulgarian, "the" is not a separate word. It is added to the end of the word.

Masculine: full and short article

Masculine nouns have two forms: the full article (-ът, -ят) and the short article (-а, -я).

• градът (the city)
• входът (the entrance)

To choose between "градът" and "града", use this rule: if the noun is the subject of the sentence, use the full article, "-ът" (градът е голям, the city is big). Otherwise use the short one, "-а" (виждам града, I see the city).

Some masculine nouns take "-ят" and "-я" instead. Many of them are masculine professions ending in -ар or -яр:

• Лекарят ми изписа рецепта. (The doctor wrote me a prescription.)
• Записах си час при лекаря. (I booked an appointment with the doctor.)

In writing, using the correct article is essential.

However, in speaking, you can just say "градъ" instead of worrying about "градът" or "града".

Adjective and noun

When an adjective comes before the noun, only the adjective gets the article:

• Хубавият апартамент беше пребоядисан. (The nice apartment was repainted.)

With two adjectives, only the first one gets it:

• Окосихме дългата зелена трева. (We mowed the long green grass.)

Two adjectives joined by "и"

This one is tricky, and not even all Bulgarians know it:

• Българските и немски отбори се съревноваваха. The article is only on the first adjective, so these are mixed teams, each made of Bulgarians and Germans.
• Българските и немските отбори се съревноваваха. Both adjectives have the article, so the Bulgarian teams and the German teams are separate.

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